Home > OBD2 Codes P0016 Engine Code | Camshaft and Crankshaft Not In Sync
The DTC P0016 code indicates Camshaft Position A—Camshaft Position Correlation. Possible causes: low/dirty oil, faulty camshaft/crankshaft position sensor or reluctor ring, or defective timing belt/chain. Cost: $58–$1,905, based on the problem. The code is most common to Chevys, Fords, and Nissans.
- David Goldberg
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Seeing any check engine light is distressing, but some causes are more worrisome than others. Among them is P0016, labeled as Camshaft Position A—Camshaft Position Correlation. At its simplest, this means the camshaft and crankshaft aren’t operating in sync with each other as they should. In more elaborate terms, code P0016 occurs when the engine control module (ECM) detects the timing between the camshaft and crankshaft is outside a preset margin. Specifically, the “A” refers to the intake camshaft on Bank 1.
On a scale of issue seriousness, a code P0016 is among the most cautionary warnings to receive. This is a “pull over (where it’s safe), turn off the engine, and call a tow truck” situation.
At best, code P0016 will cause reduced engine performance and increased emissions. At worst, this check engine light can forecast catastrophic engine failure. You should drive with code P0016 only as a last resort, understanding that every minute the car runs increases the risk of engine damage.
Whether you’re dealing with a P0016 issue now or are curious about what’s involved, keep reading for a dive into the details. This exploration will include possible causes, potential repair costs, and the most likely makes and models to experience this code.
Possible Causes of P0016 & Their Repair Costs
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P016 indicates that the engine crankshaft and Bank 1 camshaft are not rotating in sync.
The correct timing of the camshaft and crankshaft is essential for peak engine performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions control. The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves. At the same time, the crankshaft converts the pistons’ up-and-down motion into rotational motion that’s fed into the transmission. A timing belt or chain synchronizes the rotation of the camshaft and crankshaft.
Check out the FIXD article on the most common causes of check engine lights.
The table below reveals that many things can cause P0016. With luck, an oil and filter change will solve the problem. More advanced DIYers can handle replacing a position sensor.
Part To Repair | Part / DIY Price | Mechanic Total Cost |
Engine oil and filter change | $20-$60 | $58–$235 |
Camshaft position sensor | $75-$95 | $176-$227 |
Crankshaft position sensor | $96-$121 | $168-$224 |
Reluctor Ring | $30-$80 | $200-$600 |
Timing Belt | $293-$395 | $603-$785 |
Timing Chain | $694-$707 | $1,604-$1,905 |
Because an automobile is a combination of many systems, and each system has many components, many problems can have more than one cause. Here’s a breakdown of what can trigger P0016 and why.
Parts that can cause P0016 | How it could cause P0016 |
Dirty/Low Engine Oil | Insufficient lubrication can impact the proper operation of internal engine components. |
Faulty Position Sensor | While a camshaft or crankshaft may operate correctly, a bad sensor can signal otherwise. |
Malfunctioning Reluctor Ring | The reluctor ring works in conjunction with a position sensor to identify the placement of a camshaft or crankshaft. |
Faulty Timing Chain/Belt | A worn timing chain or stretched timing belt can cause the camshaft and crankshaft to not operate in sync with each other. |
Makes Commonly Affected By P0016
Whether due to inadequate engineering, faulty manufacturing, or quirks of fate, some makes are more prone to P0016 troubles than others. FIXD sensor data from 2023 shows that Chevrolet is the most likely brand to have the P0016 code appear in its vehicles. Unsurprisingly, the automaker’s best-seller, the Silverado 1500, is at the top of the list. Chevy owners with an Equinox or Malibu are also more likely to see the same problem.
Chevy fans may be satisfied knowing Ford owners aren’t immune to the same issue. In particular, Ford’s top seller, the F-150, led the pack in P0016 incidents, according to FIXD data. However, unlike with Chevy, the second and third worst Fords for this issue, the Edge and Expedition, had far fewer P0016 occurrences than the Equinox and Malibu. In other words, second and third place isn’t as bad for Ford as Chevrolet.
Completing the code P0016 podium is Nissan, with the Altima having far more camshaft position correlation problems than another of the automaker’s models. The Titan and Pathfinder round out the three worst Nissans for P0016 problems. However, like with Ford, the frequency of this issue with this truck and SUV is far less than that of the first-place Altima.
Other Japanese brands aren’t immune. Code P0016 is prevalent among many of Toyota’s most popular models, the Camry, Corolla, and RAV4, albeit not at the level of the other brands. Interestingly, only the Pilot surfaced among Hondas as a more likely candidate for P0016 troubles.
Top 5 Makes Affected by P0016 | Most Affected Model(s) | |
Chevy | Silverado 1500 | |
Equinox | ||
Malibu | ||
Ford | F-150 | |
Edge | ||
Expedition | ||
Nissan | Altima | |
Titan | ||
Pathfinder | ||
Toyota | Camry | |
Corolla | ||
RAV4 | ||
Honda | Pilot |
“We only show the top models for the top 5 makes in this article. To see the rest, click on our article about how common P0016 is for all of the top 100 vehicles in the US.”
See more vehicles impacted by P0016 here
How to Diagnose P0016 Causes
Diagnosing P0016 starts with an OBD-II scanner. Whether you’re using a FIXD plug-in sensor with the accompanying app or a handheld device with a cable connection, identifying the code type is where to start. With a confirmed P0016 code, you can then get to work trying to identify the source of the trouble. The FIXD app will immediately point to the likely culprit, but more curious car owners and the DIY-inclined will want to do some investigating.
Other tools and supplies to have on hand for diagnosing the problem include gloves, a flashlight, and a rag.
Safety Essentials
Before exploring the source of a P0016 code, you’ll want to observe the following:
- Park on a level surface in a safe area
- Ensure the car is off and the parking brake is engaged
- Allow the engine to cool
Symptoms of P0016 Causes
Let’s dive into what could be causing a P0016 code. Unlike some other diagnostic trouble codes, P0016 can be caused by something simple, like a low oil level, or a significant issue, such as a defective timing chain. As a result, any symptom could be associated with any possible cause. Nonetheless, we’ve attributed the possible causes to a likely symptom of that issue.
Possible P0016 Causes | Symptoms | What To Inspect |
Dirty/Low Engine Oil | •Check engine light •Rough running engine •Decreased fuel economy •Reduced engine performance | Check for the correct oil level and confirm that the oil is amber, not black or dark brown. Investigate the reason for low oil beyond poor maintenance. |
Faulty Camshaft or Crankshaft Position Sensor | •Check engine light •Rough running engine •Decreased fuel economy •Reduced engine performance | Locate (check online for this information) and examine the position sensor. Look for external damage or a loose connector/wire. |
Malfunctioning Camshaft or Crankshaft Reluctor Ring (also called a tone ring or timing plate) | •Check engine light •Rough running engine •Decreased fuel economy •Reduced engine performance | Beyond visual or audible clues, these symptoms are best investigated by a professional technician. |
Defective Timing Belt/Chain | •Check engine light •Rough running engine •Decreased fuel economy •Reduced engine performance •Ticking sound/unusual noise •Engine misfire •Oil leaks from the front of the engine. •Hard start/no start | Beyond visual or audible clues, these symptoms are best investigated by a professional technician. |
If an inspection of the sensors and accompanying connections reveals no clues, the engine’s timing should be checked. A mechanic will use an oscilloscope to compare the signals from the two sensors. If the timing is off, the repairs will likely involve replacing a reluctor ring or the timing belt/chain.
Can I drive with Code P0016?
Quick answer: No it is not advisable to drive with code P0016
Driving with code P0016 is not advisable because it can cause severe engine damage. The decision to drive with this problem comes down to risk and common sense. Is it worth calling a tow truck rather than chance catastrophic engine failure and a four- or five-figure repair bill? For most, the answer is yes.
Driving just a few blocks with a defective timing chain can cause a worst-case scenario. Even if the problem is traced to low engine oil, there’s still a possibility that insufficient internal lubrication has caused a ticking time bomb. In short, it’s better to be safe than sorry.
Let’s explore this in greater detail by looking at the potential causes of a P0016 error code.
Causes | Can I Drive? | Risks / Safety / Performance |
Dirty/Low Engine Oil | No, due to the potential for serious engine damage. | Poor engine lubrication can lead to premature engine wear at best. Insufficient oil can ultimately cause engine failure. |
Faulty Camshaft or Crankshaft Position Sensor | No, due to the potential for serious engine damage. | An engine with out-of-sync timing can’t perform at its peak, affecting acceleration and overall performance. A hesitant or stuttering engine can create a safety hazard on highways and at intersections. Further, a malfunctioning camshaft can damage the crankshaft and cylinder head. |
Malfunctioning Camshaft or Crankshaft Reluctor Ring | No, due to the potential for serious engine damage. | An engine with out-of-sync timing can’t perform at its peak, affecting acceleration and overall performance. A hesitant or stuttering engine can create a safety hazard on highways and at intersections. Further, a malfunctioning camshaft can damage the crankshaft and cylinder head. |
Defective Timing Belt/Chain | No, due to the potential for serious engine damage. | In most modern engines, failing to correct a faulty timing belt or chain is a quick trip to a catastrophic engine. Before that happens, the resulting poor engine performance can affect acceleration and the vehicle’s safe operation. |
DIY | How To Fix P0016 Causes
When it comes to car repairs, DIY is a very uncertain term. A task that might be challenging for one person might be straightforward for the next. It’s all determined by mechanical skills, experience, and a willingness to tackle a project.
In the case of a P0016 code, the dividing line between DIY and the repair shop is whether the engine needs to be opened. If you’re confident with this level of work, chances are you don’t need to read this article. With this DIY versus mechanic boundary set, let’s review what’s realistic for a car owner to tackle independently.
The crucial aspect of any DIY repair is knowing when you’re over your head and should get professional help. Otherwise, you risk causing more damage or getting injured. With this advisory in mind, let’s consider what P0016 fixes may not always require a mechanic.
Possible Cause: Low/Dirty Engine Oil
What is it?
There’s nothing more essential to the proper operation of an internal combustion engine than motor oil. Sure, fuel is vital, but the engine won’t be damaged if the tank is empty. On the other hand, a low oil level can affect the timing of the camshaft and crankshaft and trigger a P0016 code.
How hard is it to fix?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Every car owner should know how to add oil. With the proper preparation and tools, changing out dirty oil isn’t that difficult, either. In fact, an oil and filter change is a simple yet satisfying project for someone with less advanced skills.
Cost of Repairs
Expect to pay $20 to $60 for oil and a new filter. Other costs include buying a filter wrench, collection pan, or other tools and supplies.
Possible Cause: Faulty Camshaft or Crankshaft Position Sensor
What is it?
A bad camshaft or crankshaft sensor can send wrong information to the engine control module, causing the car to lose power, run rough, or become less efficient. Changing a malfunctioning unit can restore smooth operations and ensure the camshaft and crankshaft work in unison.
How hard is it to fix?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
In most cars, the actual work of changing a crankshaft or camshaft sensor is uncomplicated. It’s not much more complex than installing a light bulb in a hard-to-reach fixture or connecting the components of an entertainment system. However, the real challenge is accessing the sensor itself. Often, it’s buried behind other elements, making repairs difficult. A seasoned mechanic may know a hack or two to make the task easier, but a DIYer probably won’t. In addition, specialized tools may also speed up the work, things that may not be in the DIYer’s toolbox. In addition, turn the repair over to a pro if the problem is related to the sensor connector and not the sensor. Dealing with losing wires or replacing a harness is delicate work.
Cost of Repairs
A new camshaft or crankshaft sensor runs from $75 to $227.
Other DIY Considerations for Code P0016
The other possible causes of a P0016 code—a faulty reluctor ring or bad timing belt/chain—require opening the engine to a certain degree. As mentioned, this crosses the line from a DIY project to a serious repair. As a result, these fixes should be handled by a professional technician.
Remember, newer cars may still be under warranty, so check before attempting DIY repairs to potentially save money.
P0016 Code FAQs
What Makes and Models does code P0016 affect the most?
Here’s a breakdown of the vehicles most affected by code P0016, according to FIXD sensor data collected in 2023.
Make | Model | Occurrence Frequency |
Chevrolet | Silverado 1500 | High |
Ford | F-150 | High |
Nissan | Altima | High |
Chevrolet | Equinox | Moderate |
Chevrolet | Malibu | Moderate |
Toyota | Camry | Moderate |
Ford | Edge | Low |
Ford | Expedition | Low |
Nissan | Titan | Low |
Nissan | Pathfinder | Low |
Toyota | Corolla | Low |
Toyota | RAV4 | Low |
Honda | Pilot | Low |
How can I prevent P0016 from occurring?
Staying on top of your vehicle’s maintenance requirements is the best way to avoid seeing a check engine light for code P0016. This starts with regular oil and filter changes. If your car requires periodic timing belt replacements, be sure this is done following the manufacturer’s recommended schedule. Timing chains usually don’t need replacement unless the component fails.
In addition, ask your repair shop to inspect the camshaft and crankshaft sensors (and accompanying connectors) as part of each regular maintenance visit. Lastly, be observant of any unusual engine noises and have any problems addressed right away.
Can weather conditions trigger a P0016 code?
Yes, extreme temperatures can affect a car to the point that a check engine light with code P0116 occurs. For instance, very cold weather can reduce oil flow and inhibit proper lubrication. Excessive temperatures, hot or cold, can cause plastic components (such as the exterior of a sensor or a sensor connector) to deteriorate
References:
- Repair-cost estimates, repairpal.com (various dates). Retrieved May 13, 2024, from repairpal.com.
David Goldberg
Dave Goldberg is an automotive journalist and lifelong car fanatic. He writes for numerous enthusiast and business outlets and is an ongoing contributor to HotCars.com, one of the most popular car culture websites. When he’s not writing or driving, Dave is either under a hood or asleep. His credentials include a BA in Journalism from The George Washington University.
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Topics
- Check Engine Light
About the Author
David Goldberg
Dave Goldberg is an automotive journalist and lifelong car fanatic. He writes for numerous enthusiast and business outlets and is an ongoing contributor to HotCars.com, one of the most popular car culture websites. When he’s not writing or driving, Dave is either under a hood or asleep. His credentials include a BA in Journalism from The George Washington University.
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